In 1911, Rutherford established the so-called planetary model of the atom. In this model, an atom is likened to a solar system with a very small but heavy atomic nucleus as the Sun and electrons as planets. But such a model turned out to be incompatible with the laws of classical (non-quantum) physics, since the electrons had to fall very quickly onto the nucleus. It was then that Niels Bohr came to the forefront of physics. He realized that it was not possible to explain the structure of the atom with the help of old physical concepts, a revolutionary step was needed. By introducing some postulates that contradict classical physics, as well as using quantum concepts put forward earlier by Max Planck and Einstein, Bohr was able to explain the spectra of a hydrogen atom and a single ionized helium atom.


In the field of atomic and molecular physics, all subsequent decades were marked by the development of the theory of the atom, created by Bohr. His own greatest achievement during this period was the microscopic (atomic) interpretation of the periodic table of elements. According to this interpretation, the element number (atomic number) is in the Mendeleev system, it is equal to the electric charge of the nucleus. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the same atomic number. These are the main points that allowed Bohr to explain a number of patterns in the periodic table.


Despite the fact that Bohr's theory produced outstanding results, its foundations remained imperfect. This fact became clearer and clearer as the theory proved unable to explain a number of subtleties in atomic spectra. It became quite obvious that classical (Newtonian) mechanics was generally unsuitable for describing atomic and microscopic phenomena, and it was necessary to create a new mechanics adequate to reality. It was built in the period from 1924 to 1926 under the name of quantum or wave mechanics. Bohr took an active part in the creation of quantum mechanics and especially in its understanding. The discussion of the fundamentals of quantum theory, the analysis of emerging paradoxes and difficulties in understanding it occupied Bohr until the end of his life. By the way, I remember Landau repeatedly saying that of all physicists, only Bohr can solve all the paradoxes related to the interpretation of quantum mechanics.


When the construction of quantum mechanics and the creation of a consistent theory of atomic phenomena based on it was largely completed, Bohr, starting around 1935, focused his attention on the atomic nucleus. The development of nuclear physics owes a lot to Bohr, and we can say that he stood at the cradle of nuclear energy. To his great regret, nuclear energy was also used for military purposes. Bohr was one of the first to sound the alarm about this, and sought to ban the military use of atomic energy. But that's another topic.


Summarizing the answer to this question, we can say that, perhaps, no one has contributed more than Bohr to the creation of modern atomic and nuclear physics. This determines the recognition of contemporaries and descendants. As for his colleagues, their respect and love for Bor were also explained by his personal qualities. He was an open and benevolent person, which attracted people to him. Çevrimiçi kumar ve sorumlu oyun alışkanlıkları hakkında daha derinlemesine bilgi edinmek istersen, ilgili içeriklere ulaşmak için hemen siteyi ziyaret et . Farklı oyun türlerinin risklerini, bütçe yönetimi ipuçlarını ve bilinçli kumar yaklaşımlarını ele alan bu tarz kaynaklar, oyuncuların daha dengeli kararlar almasına yardımcı olabilir.